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EMT
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A 24-year-old is found unresponsive with snoring respirations at 8 per minute. What is your first action?
Answer: B
Snoring respirations with a rate of 8 indicate both an obstructed airway and inadequate ventilation. Open the airway manually and ventilate. An adjunct and suction may follow, but neither corrects the hypoventilation.
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A patient struck by a car has an unstable pelvis and a blood pressure of 82/50. Which intervention is the priority?
Answer: A
An unstable pelvis with hypotension suggests significant internal hemorrhage. Binding the pelvis limits ongoing bleeding, and definitive care is surgical, so transport should not be delayed for on-scene procedures.
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Which finding most strongly suggests anaphylaxis rather than an isolated allergic reaction?
Answer: C
Anaphylaxis requires involvement beyond the skin. Airway compromise such as stridor, or cardiovascular compromise such as hypotension, defines the systemic reaction and is an indication for epinephrine.
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You witness an adult collapse and find no pulse. A bystander is already retrieving an AED. What should you do while waiting for it?
Answer: B
Compressions begin immediately on a pulseless adult and continue until the AED is ready to analyze. Any delay to reassess or gather information reduces the chance of a shockable rhythm.
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You arrive to find a patient seated on a curb after a fall. What is the correct order of your initial assessment?
Answer: B
Scene safety comes before patient contact, then the primary assessment proceeds in order: level of consciousness, airway, breathing, and circulation. Vitals and a detailed exam follow once life threats are addressed.
AEMT
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You are asked to give 0.5 mg of a drug supplied as 1 mg in 2 mL. How many mL do you administer?
Answer: B
The concentration is 1 mg per 2 mL, or 0.5 mg per mL. To deliver 0.5 mg you draw 1 mL. Confirm the concentration on the label rather than assuming a standard supply.
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A diabetic patient reports two days of fatigue and nausea with no chest pain. The 12-lead shows ST elevation in II, III, and aVF. What does this suggest?
Answer: B
Leads II, III, and aVF view the inferior wall. Diabetic patients often present without chest pain, so fatigue and nausea may be the only symptoms of an infarction.
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After placing a supraglottic airway you hear gurgling over the epigastrium and no breath sounds. What is the next step?
Answer: C
Absent breath sounds with epigastric sounds means the airway is not ventilating the lungs. Remove it, ventilate with a bag-valve mask, and reattempt once oxygenation is restored.
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A patient with a blood glucose of 38 mg/dL is confused but able to follow commands and swallow. What is the most appropriate treatment?
Answer: A
A patient who can protect their airway and swallow can be treated orally, which is faster and less invasive. Dextrose and glucagon are for patients who cannot swallow safely or lack IV access.
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A construction worker has a mid-shaft femur fracture with a strong distal pulse and no other injuries. Which device is indicated?
Answer: B
An isolated mid-shaft femur fracture with intact distal circulation is the classic indication for a traction splint. It is contraindicated with pelvic involvement, joint fractures, or vascular compromise.
Paramedic
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A patient in wide-complex tachycardia at 180 is alert with a blood pressure of 138/84. What is the most appropriate initial management?
Answer: B
The patient is stable, so pharmacologic conversion is appropriate before electricity. Cardioversion is reserved for instability, and defibrillation is for pulseless rhythms.
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A 70 kg patient needs an infusion at 5 mcg/kg/min from a bag containing 400 mg in 250 mL. What is the rate in mL/hr?
Answer: A
The dose is 350 mcg/min, or 21,000 mcg/hr. The concentration is 1,600 mcg/mL, so 21,000 divided by 1,600 is about 13 mL/hr.
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A COPD patient on CPAP becomes hypotensive with rising end-tidal CO2 and decreasing breath sounds on the right. What should you suspect?
Answer: B
Positive pressure ventilation can convert a simple pneumothorax to a tension pneumothorax. Unilateral loss of breath sounds with hypotension calls for immediate decompression.
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A head-injured patient has a systolic pressure of 88 and an end-tidal CO2 of 24 mmHg on ventilation. What adjustment is indicated?
Answer: B
Hyperventilation drops CO2, constricts cerebral vessels, and worsens ischemia in an already hypotensive brain injury. Target normocapnia, roughly 35 to 40 mmHg, and treat the hypotension.
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A dialysis patient missed treatment and has peaked T waves with a widening QRS. Which therapy addresses the membrane instability most rapidly?
Answer: A
Calcium stabilizes the cardiac membrane within minutes without changing the serum potassium. Bicarbonate, albuterol, and insulin shift potassium intracellularly but act more slowly.
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Guides & references
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Directory
State licensing requirements
Reciprocity, renewal windows, and CE hours for every state, with links to the licensing board.
Guide
How the NREMT exam works
How the adaptive engine decides, why the question count varies, and what happens if you do not pass.
Guide
Reading 12-leads without panic
A repeatable order of operations for the strips that show up most often on the exam and in the truck.
Articles
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